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35 fantasmas de la naturaleza
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Animales Albinos Salvajes
Albino animales son muy raros en la naturaleza, y el hombre desde hace mucho tiempo había una fascinación por estas criaturas desde tiempos antiguos. Algunas culturas respecto albinos como animales sagrados, y que incluso han sido la base de grandes leyendas y el folclore. Debido a su singularidad y rareza, los animales albinos son algunas de las más valiosas atracciones en zoológicos y circos centros en todo el mundo. Se presentan 35 de la naturaleza raros albinos, leucistic, en blanco y criaturas para usted.
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Leucistic animals are often mistaken as being albino creatures, such as white lions. Leucism is a condition similar to albinism, characterized by reduced pigmentation in general and can also affect distribution of pigment on the hair shaft, but unlike albinism, it’s caused by a reduction in all types of skin pigment, not just melanin. Chinchilla and other mutations can also cause white animals, such as some of the animals depicted here, including white peacocks, and white tigers, which are typically white rather than albino.
About Albinism
Albinism is a form of hypopigmentary congenital disorder, characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair. Albinism results from inheritance of recessive alleles (genes), and the condition is known to affect mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
An albino peacock opens its plumage at Botanic Garden in Bogota, Colombia, June 15, 2005. Photo Eliana Aponte / Reuters
Albinism is hereditary and cannot be transmitted through blood transfusions or other vectors. The principal gene which results in albinism prevents the body from making the usual amounts of the pigment melanin. Most forms of albinism are the result of the biological inheritance of genetically recessive genes passed from both parents of an individual, though some rare forms are inherited from only 1 parent.
The chance of offspring with albinism resulting from the pairing of one with albinism and another without albinism is low, but because organisms can be carriers of genes for albinism without exhibiting any traits, albinistic offspring can be produced by 2 non-albinistic parents. Albinism usually occurs with equal frequency in both genders with the exception of ocular albinism, because it’s passed on to offspring through X-linked inheritance. Therefore males more frequently have ocular albinism since they don’t have a second X chromosome.
The lack of enough dark pigment melanin also makes the skin unusually sensitive to sunlight and thus susceptible to sunburn from the sun’s UV rays. Lack of melanin in the eye also results in problems with vision, related to photosensitivity.
The term peafowl can refer to the 2 species of bird in the genus Pavo of the pheasant family, Phasianidae, best known for the male’s extravagant tail which it displays as part of courtship. The male is called a peacock and the female a peahen, though it’s common to hear the female also referred to as a peacock. Peafowl are forest birds that nest on the ground. The Pavo peafowl are terrestrial feeders but roost in trees. Photo Pavelrybin
Most humans and many animals with albinism appear white or very pale. In some animals, especially albinistic birds and reptiles, ruddy and yellow hues or other colors may be present on the entire body or in patches due to the presence of other pigments unaffected by albinism, as well as carotenoid pigments derived from the diet. Some animals are white or pale due to pigment cell defects, do not lack melanin production, and have normal eyes — referred to as leucistic.
The eyes of an animal with albinism occasionally appear red due to the underlying retinal blood vessels showing through where there is not enough pigment to cover them. This is rare humans, as a human eye is quite large and thus produces enough pigment to lend opacity to the eye, often coloring the iris pale blue. There are cases however in which the eyes of albinistic people appear red or purple, depending on the amount of pigment present.
Those with albinism usually have impaired vision due to one or more conditions. While a person with albinism may suffer from nearsightedness, farsightedness, photophobia or light sensitivity, the visual problems particularly associated with albinism arise from a poorly-developed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) due to the lack of melanin.
The albinistic are generally as healthy as the rest of their species, and the condition by itself does not cause mortality.
Peacock. Photo BY-YOUR
Many animals with albinism lack their protective camouflage and are unable to conceal themselves from their predators or prey, thus their survival rate in the wild is usually quite low. However the novelty of albino animals has occasionally led to their protection by groups such as the Albino Squirrel Preservation Society.
Intentionally-bred albinistic strains of some animal species are commonly used as laboratory animals in biomedical study and experimentation such as rats, rabbits, axolotls, zebrafish, and frogs. The incidence of albinism can be artificially increased in fish by exposing the eggs to heavy metals.
A common misconception is that albinistic individuals of a species are sterile, but they are in fact fully capable of reproducing. Many also believe that people with albinism live short life spans. This is not true in general, but may be a distorted view of a more reasonable fact that people with albinism have a higher risk of skin cancer if they don’t use proper protection from the sun. It has also been misunderstood that those with albinism will become blind halfway through life, which is incorrect.
Peacock. Photo Ian Wilson
Leucism is a general term for the phenotype resulting from defects in pigment cell differentiation and / or migration from the neural crest to skin, hair, or feathers during development. This results in either the entire surface — if all pigment cells fail to develop — or patches of body surface having a lack of cells capable of making pigment.
Since all pigment cell-types differentiate from the same multipotent precursor cell-type, leucism can cause the reduction in all types of pigment. This is in contrast to albinism, for which leucism is often mistaken. Albinism results in the reduction of melanin production only, though the melanocyte is still present. Thus in species that have other pigment cell-types, albinos are not entirely white, but instead display a pale yellow color.
A further difference between albinism and leucism is in eye color. Due to the lack of melanin production in both the RPE and iris, albinos often have red eyes due to the underlying blood vessels showing through, in contrast to leucistic animals which have normally colored eyes
About 1 in 17,000 human beings has some type of albinism, although up to 1 in 70 is a carrier of albinism genes.
Albino, Leucistic and White Animals
While some albino, leucistic, and white creatures in the animal kingdom are quite common such as white ferrets and albino rabbits, others are very rare and unique in every sense.
Gorilla
Snowflake was an albino Western Lowland Gorilla, and the most popular resident of the Barcelona Zoo in Spain, where he spent most of his life. He was known worldwide, mentioned in tourist guides and put on postcards, becoming the unofficial mascot for the city.
Snowflake the albino gorilla at Spain’s Barcelona Zoo taken Sept. 14 2003,
shortly before he died. Photo Cesar Rangel, AFP / Getty Images
Ape specialist Jordi Sabater Pi found him in 1966 in Ikunde, modern-day Equatorial Guinea. The only albino gorilla known to man, he was captured in the Equatorial forest of Nko, near Rio Campo, by Benito Mañé, an ethnic Fang farmer, who had killed the rest of his group in order to obtain this unusual albino animal. During the massacre, his mother was shot by Mañé and the small creature was found clinging to his mother’s neck, his head buried deep in her black fur.
Snowflake the albino gorilla. Photo Maarten Utreg
Benito transported him to Bata, where he was purchased by Sabater Pi, who worked for the Barcelona Zoo’s Ikunde Center. A National Geographic-funded study of gorillas in the region was underway at the time of Snowflake’s discovery.
Snowflake the albino gorilla.
Snowflake had suffered from an unusual form of skin cancer in 2001, almost certainly related to his albinism condition, known as oculocutaneous albinism type 1, and died November 24 2003. While the average lifespan of a gorilla in the wild is 25, he was thought to be between 38 and 40 years old.
Albino Squirrel
Known as the “White Squirrel Capital of the World,” Olney, Illinois, is home of the world’s largest known albino squirrel colony. Kenton, Tennessee is home to about 200 albino squirrels. There are also albino squirrels on the main campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. Brevard, North Carolina and Marionville, Missouri have a substantial population of white (not albino) squirrels.
Albino Squirrel. Photo Stephen Kniatt
Albino squirrel nicknamed Snowy scavenges for nuts in a garden in England.
Photo Empics / Landov
Photo Sara Atkins
Western Kentucky University has a locally famous population of white squirrels. Exeter, Ontario in Canada is known for having non-albino white squirrels, believed to be the result of a genetic mutation in the early 20th century. The Snow Belt in Western and Central New York (Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse) also has a significant white squirrel population
Photo Sara Atkins
Photo Dulouz Cats
The Albino Squirrel Preservation Society was founded at the University of Texas at Austin in 2001, and its sister chapter at University of North Texas (UNT) petitioned for an election to name their albino squirrel as the university’s secondary mascot. The University of Louisville in Kentucky also has a documented population of albino squirrels.
Kangaroo
The kangaroo is a national symbol of Australia — its emblem is used on the Australian coat of arms, on some of its currency, and by some of Australia’s best known organizations, including Qantas.
Albino Kangaroo. Photo Ana Cotta
Kangaroos have large, powerful hind legs, large feet adapted for leaping, a long muscular tail for balance, and a small head. Like all marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch called a marsupium in which ‘joeys’ complete postnatal development.
Albino kangaroo. Photo Michael
Albino kangaroo. Photo Gaetan Lee
They’re the only large animals to use hopping as a means of locomotion, travelling anywhere from an average 13 to16 mph (20 to 25 km/h) — some can attain speeds of up to 44 mph (70 km/h) over short distances. Due to their long feet, they cannot walk correctly. To move at slow speeds, kangaroos use the tail to form a tripod with their 2 forelimbs, and then raise their hind feet forward, in a form of locomotion called “crawl-walking.”
Albino Deer
Deer generally have lithe, compact bodies and long, powerful legs suited for rugged woodland terrain, making them excellent jumpers and swimmers. They are ruminants, or cud-chewers — the teeth are adapted to feeding on vegetation, and like other ruminants, they lack upper incisors, instead having a tough pad at the front of their upper jaw.
Albino deer. Photo Illinois Wildlife Lover
Nearly all deer have a facial gland in front of each eye, which contains a strongly scented pheromone used to mark its home range. Bucks of a wide range of species open these glands wide when angry or excited.
Albino deer. Photo Illinois Wildlife Lover
Albino deer. Photo Allie Caulfield
Albino Elk
The elk, or wapiti, is one of the largest species of deer in the world and one of the largest mammals in North America and eastern Asia. In the deer family, only the moose is larger, and the “Sambar” deer can rival the elk in size.
Albino Elk. Photo Troublethensome
Albino elk. Photo mqcq777
Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves, and bark. Although native to North America and eastern Asia, they have adapted well to countries where they’ve been introduced, including New Zealand and Argentina. Their high level of adaptability poses a threat to endemic species and ecosystems where they’ve been introduced.
Albino Moose
The North America moose is the largest extant species in the deer family. Moose are distinguished by the palmate antlers of the males — other members of the family have antlers with a “twig-like” configuration.
Albino moose by Fort St. John, BC, Canada. Photo Wayupstream
Albino Moose, Drayton Valley, AB, Canada. Photo Jaystonernusa
Moose typically inhabit boreal and mixed deciduous forests of the Northern Hemisphere in temperate to subarctic climates. Behind only the bisons, the Moose is the second largest land animal in both North America and Europe.
Albino (White) Billy Goat
Most goats naturally have 2 horns of various shapes and sizes depending on the breed. While horns are a predominantly male feature, some breeds of goats have horned females, and polled (hornless goats) are not uncommon. Their horns are made of living bone surrounded by keratin and other proteins which are used for defense, dominance, and territoriality.
Albino (White) Billy Goat. Photo Allie Caulfield
Goats are extremely curious and intelligent, easily housebroken and trained to pull carts and walk on leads. Goats are very coordinated and can climb and hold their balance in the most precarious places — widely known for their ability to climb trees, although the tree generally has to be on somewhat of an angle.
Albino (White) Llama
The llama is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas and other natives of the Andes mountains. llamas are still used as beasts of burden today In South America, as well as for the production of fiber and meat.
Albino (White) Llama. Photo Esparta
Llama overlooking Machu Picchu, Peru. Photo Schuyler Shepherd
Using llamas as livestock guards in North America began in the early 1980’s and some sheep producers have used llamas successfully. The use of guard llamas has greatly increased since a magazine article in 1990, when national attention was drawn to the potential use of llamas for guarding sheep.
Albino Alpaca
Along with Camels and Llamas, the Alpaca are classified as Camelids, and have been domesticated for thousands of years. The closest living species are the wild Vicuna, also native to South America. Alpacas are smaller than the other Camelid species, but they are however larger than the wild Vicuna. The Moche people of Northern Peru often used Alpaca images in their art.
Albino Alpaca from the Nashville Zoo. Photo Travis Hightower Imaging
Albino Camel
Camels are even-toed ungulates within the genus Camelus, native to the dry desert areas of western Asia, and central and east Asia, respectively. The dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump, and the Bactrian camel has 2 humps.
Camel with an albino colt at Skazka Zoo, Yalta, Ukraine. Photo ITAR-TASS / Landov
Albino camel. Photo Emma is rad
White Giraffe
The giraffe is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species. Males can be 16 to 18 feet (4.8 to 5.5 meters) tall and weigh up to 3,800 pounds (1,700 kilos). The record-sized bull, shot in Kenya in 1934, was 19.2 feet (5.87 meters) tall and weighed about 4,400 pounds (2,000 kilos). Females are generally slightly shorter, and weigh less than males.
White Giraffe. Photo Pinball PW
White Giraffe. Photo Author Unknown
Giraffes have spots covering their entire bodies except their underbellies, each with their own unique pattern of spots. They have long, prehensile tongues which are distinctly blue-black to protect from sunburn. Giraffes have long necks, which they use to browse the leaves of trees, but possess only 7 vertebrae in the neck (the usual number for a mammal). Their forelegs are slightly elongated, about 10% longer than their hind legs.
The Rothschild Giraffe, also known as the Baringo Giraffe or Ugandan Giraffe, is the most endangered of giraffe subspecies, with around 40 believed to exist in the wild.
Albino (White) Moth
A moth is an insect closely related to the butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Moths frequently circle artificial lights. One hypothesis for this behavior is that moths use a technique of celestial navigation called transverse orientation. By maintaining a constant angular relationship to a bright celestial light, such as the Moon, they can fly in a straight line. When a moth encounters a much closer artificial light and uses it for navigation, the angle changes noticeably after only a short distance.
Albino (White) Moth. Photo Martin Kingsley
Albino (White) Moth. Photo Martin Kingsley
Albino Hedgehog
A hedgehog is any of the small spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. There are 16 species of hedgehog found through parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand. There are no hedgehogs native to Australia, and no living species native to North America — those in New Zealand are introduced. Hedgehogs have changed little over the last 15 million years. Like many of the first mammals they have adapted to a nocturnal, insectivorous way of life.
Albino Hedgehog. Photo Simpler
Albino African Pygmy Hedgehog. Photo Meantux
Albino baby hedgehogs. Photo Essexjan
Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their spines, which are hollow hairs made stiff with keratin. Their spines are not poisonous or barbed and cannot easily be removed from the animal, but they do come out when a hedgehog sheds baby spines and replaces them with adult spines, called ‘quilling.’ When under extreme stress or during sickness, a hedgehog can also lose spines.
A defense that all hedgehogs possess is the ability to roll into a tight ball, causing all of the spines to point outwards. Its effectiveness however depends on the number of spines, and they’re much more likely to try to run away or sometimes even attack the intruder, trying to ram into them with its spines, leaving rolling as a last resort.
Albino Cat
The “C” gene codes for the enzyme tyrosinase, the first step in pigment production. Its recessive alleles determine whether a cat is a complete albino (pink-eyed) or a temperature sensitive albino. The temperature sensitive albino genotypes are cbcb Burmese, cscs Siamese, and cbcs Tonkinese. The cscs gene can turn a cat’s eyes blue due to a reduced number of melanocytes, affecting pigmentation of the eyes. If a cat has the dominant C allele, then the cat is non-albino and full pigment production occurs.
Albino cat. Photo A of Doom
Albino cats. Photo Kngsrivr
Albino cat. Photo Xabier M
With the white masking gene, W/w, the “W” gene prevents the normal replication and migration of pigment producing cells during embryologic development. As a result, WW and Ww cats have a greatly reduced number of melanocytes and appear white, no matter what other color genes it may carry. Only a cat that’s homozygous recessive (ww) will express normal pigmentation. Some cats with the W allele of this gene are deaf and / or have de-pigmentation of the iris of one or both eyes, resulting in blue eye color.
White Bengal Tiger
White tigers have a genetic condition that nearly eliminates pigment in the normally orange fur, although they still have dark stripes. Another genetic condition in snow-white or ‘pure white’ tigers also makes the stripes of the tiger very pale. When a tiger inherits 2 copies of the recessive gene for the paler coloration, they may have a pink nose, pink paw pads, grey-mottled skin, ice-blue eyes, and white to cream-colored fur with black, grey, or chocolate-colored stripes.
White Bengal Tiger. Photo Averette
White Bengal Tiger. Photo Soham Pablo
White tigers do not constitute a separate subspecies of their own and can breed with orange ones, although all of the resulting offspring will be heterozygous for the recessive white gene, and their fur will be orange. The only exception would be if the orange parent was itself already a heterozygous tiger, which would give each cub a 50% chance of being either double-recessive white or heterozygous orange.
White Bengal Tiger. Photo Soham Pablo
White Bengal Tiger. Photo Shuan Lo
If 2 white tigers breed, 100% of their cubs will be homozygous white tigers. A tiger which is homozygous for the white gene may also be heterozygous for many different genes. Inbreeding promotes homozygosity and has been used as a strategy to produce white tigers. Inbreeding is detrimental when deleterious genes are present, otherwise it’s harmless. The white gene may be considered deleterious (harmful, or have a damaging effect), or categorized as a genetic defect.
In the 1970’s a pair of heterozygous orange tigers named Sashi and Ravi produced 13 cubs in Alipore Zoo, 3 of which were white.
White Lion
The white lion is not a separate subspecies nor is it albino, but a rare color mutation of the Kruger subspecies of lion that has been perpetuated by selective breeding in zoos around the world. They’re occasionally found in wildlife reserves in South Africa, and white cubs have sporadically turned up among tawny lions in the Timbavati and Kruger National Park regions.
White lion. Photo Stano Novak
White Lion at Cango wildlife ranch, Oudtshoorn, South Africa. Photo My Angel G
The white color is caused by a recessive gene known as chinchilla or color inhibitor. They vary from blonde through to near white, but some can also be red. This coloration gives white lions a distinct disadvantage in nature because they’re highly visible, giving them away to their prey and making them an attractive target for hunters. According to Linda Tucker in “Mystery of the White Lions - Children of the Sun God,” they’re bred in camps in South Africa as trophies for canned hunts.
White Lion. Photo My Angel G
White lion cub. Photo EA210269
Because the gene is recessive and masked by the normal tawny color, white lions are very rare in the wild and only occur when 2 lions carrying the mutant gene are mated together. The greatest population of white lions is in zoos where they’re deliberately bred for color. The population of the white lion is unknown but the most recent count was in 2004 which reported 30 alive.
White lions are endangered. Regarded as divine by locals, white lions first came to public attention in the 1970’s in Chris McBride’s book, “The White Lions of Timbavati.”
Rare White Lion Cubs Greet the World
Two rare white lion cubs are feted at the Belgrade Zoo in Serbia, December 2008.
Raw news footage of 3 rare white lion cubs born June 2008
in the Schloss Holte-Stukenbrock safari park in Germany.
Albino Bison
Bison is a taxonomic group containing 6 species of large even-toed ungulates within the subfamily Bovinae. Only 2 of these species still exist — the American bison and the European bison, or wisent, each with 2 subspecies. The American and European bison are the largest terrestrial mammals in North America and Europe.
Albino Bison. Photo Alana Elliott
Bison are nomadic grazers and travel in herds, except for the non-dominant bulls, which travel alone or in small groups during most of the year. American bison are known for living in the Great Plains. Both species were hunted close to extinction during the 19th and 20th centuries but have since rebounded, although the European bison is still endangered.
Albino Ferret
The ferret is a domestic mammal. They typically have brown, black, white, or mixed fur, an average length of approximately 20 inches (51 centimeters) including a 5 inch (13 centimeter) tail, and weigh between 1.5 to 4 pounds (0.8 to 2 kilos). Ferrets are sexually dimorphic predators with males being substantially larger than females.
Albino Ferret. Photo Xrrr
Albino Ferret. Photo Jasja Dekker
Albino Dingo
The Dingo, or Warrigal, is a feral domestic dog rather than a separate species, which mostly lives independently from humans. They have features in common with both wolves and modern dogs, and are regarded as more or less unchanged descendants of an early ancestor of modern dogs.
Albino Dingo. Photo The Girls NY
Albino Dingo. Photo The Girls NY
Albino Dingo. Photo The Girls NY
Though commonly described as an Australian wild dog, it’s not restricted to Australia, nor did it originate there. It’s generally thought to originate from a population of domesticated dogs, possibly at a single occasion during the Austronesian expansion into Southeast Asia. Modern dingoes are found throughout Southeast Asia, mostly in small pockets of remaining natural forest, and in mainland Australia, particularly in the north.
Albino Koala
The Koala is a thickset arboreal marsupial herbivore native to Australia, and the only extant representative of the family Phascolarctidae, found in coastal regions of eastern and southern Australia, from near Adelaide to the southern part of Cape York Peninsula, but are not found in Tasmania or Western Australia.
Aussie Mick, the rare Albino Koala. Photo Koalawrangler
Aussie Mick, the rare Albino Koala. Photo Koalawrangler
Populations also extend for considerable distances inland in regions with enough moisture to support suitable woodlands. The Koalas of South Australia were largely exterminated during the early part of the 20th century, but the state has since been repopulated with Victorian stock.
Aussie Mick, the rare Albino Koala. Photo Koalawrangler
Aussie Mick, the rare Albino Koala. Photo Koalawrangler
Albino Seal
The true seals or earless seals are one of the 3 main groups of mammals within the seal suborder, Pinnipedia, and sometimes called crawling seals to distinguish them from the fur seals and sea lions of family Otariidae. Fur seals are much more closely related to sea lions than true seals, and share with them external ears, relatively long and muscular foreflippers, and the ability to walk on all fours. They’re marked by their dense underfur, which made them a long-time creature of commercial hunting.
Albino Seal. Photo Ezbngrn
Albino Baby Seal. Photo Andrew’s Pics
Albino Fur Seal. Photo Albert Megger
Seals live in the oceans of both hemispheres and are mostly confined to polar, sub-polar, and temperate climes, with the exception of the more tropical monk seals.
Albino Whale
Whales are marine mammals which include the blue whale — the largest animal alive today. Orcas, colloquially referred to as killer whales, and pilot whales have whale in their name but for the purpose of classification they’re actually dolphins.
Albino Whale. Photo Jakcielynn
Whales have been hunted for meat and as a source of valuable raw materials for centuries. By the middle of the 20th century, large-scale industrial whaling had left many populations severely depleted, rendering certain species seriously endangered.
Albino Fish
The leucistic Long Finned Oscar is native to Peru, Colombia, Brazil and French Guiana and occurs in the Amazon river basin, along the Amazonas, Iça, Negro, Solimoes and Ucayali river systems, and also in the Approuague and Oyapock drainages. In its natural environment the species typically occurs in slow moving white-water habitats, and has been observed sheltering under submerged branches. Feral populations also occur in China, northern Australia, and Florida, US, as a by-product of the ornamental fish trade.
Leucistic Long Finned Oscar. Photo: Kurt Auerbach
A sexually-mature adult axolotl at age 18 to 24 months ranges in length from 6 to 18 inches (15 to 45 centimeters), although a size close to 9 inches (23 centimeters) is most common. Axolotls possess features typical of salamander larvae, including external gills and a caudal fin extending from behind the head to the vent. Their heads are wide, and their eyes are lidless. Their limbs are underdeveloped and possess long, thin digits.
Albino axolotls. Photo Erzengel
Albino Turtle
Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines, their body mostly shielded by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs. The earliest known turtles date from 215 million years ago, making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than lizards and snakes. About 300 species are alive today, but some are highly endangered.
Albino Slider Turtle. Photo Julia Klarman
Albino Slider Turtle. Photo Julia Klarman
Green turtle (Chelonia mydas), albino. Photo David Monniaux
Albino Frog
Frogs are amphibians in the order Anura, characterized by long hind legs, a short body, webbed digits (fingers or toes), protruding eyes, and the absence of a tail, most noticeable by their call, which can be widely heard during the night or day, mainly in their mating season. Most frogs have a semi-aquatic lifestyle, but move easily on land by jumping or climbing.
Albino Frog. Photo Headexplodie
Albino Frog. Photo Headexplodie
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